Stroke in young individuals, known as young stroke, is a significant public health concern that affects not only numerous young people but also a small portion of adults below the age of 45. The World Health Organization (WHO) identifies stroke as a prevalent neurological condition that leads to long-term disabilities, emotional distress, and socioeconomic consequences. It imposes a heavy burden on patients, their families, and healthcare providers.
Statistics reveal that stroke is the second leading cause of death, affecting one person every 5 seconds. A study conducted by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) indicates that approximately 10% to 15% of strokes in young adults result in nearly one-fifth of them requiring hospitalization. While it is relatively less common, the impact on a young person’s life and the years of productivity lost are substantial.
Here are risk factors for young stroke:
1. Smoking
2. Alcoholism
3. Increased BMI
4. Diabetes
5. Hypertension
6. Dyslipidemia
7. Previous history of stroke
8. Rheumatic heart disease with atrial fibrillation
9. Use of oral contraceptive pills (which increases the risk 2-5 times for women)
Recognizing the symptoms of young stroke is crucial. A simple way to remember them is by using the acronym “FAST,” which stands for Facial drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulties, and Time. These symptoms include:
1. Sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arms, or legs, particularly on one side of the body.
2. Sudden confusion, difficulty speaking, or trouble understanding.
3. Sudden vision problems in one or both eyes.
4. Sudden difficulties with walking, dizziness, and loss of balance or coordination.
5. Sudden, severe headaches without a known cause.
Preventing stroke in young individuals is achievable through lifestyle changes. It is encouraged to quit smoking, engage in regular exercise (20 minutes a day, three-to-four times a week), or take long walks to maintain a healthy weight, alleviate stress, and improve overall fitness. Monitoring blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood sugar is essential. In case any of the listed symptoms occur, seeking prompt medical attention and advice is vital.
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